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Photo by Emanuele Antonio Minerva with the Italian Minister of Culture (used under fair use provision). Online at: https://cultura.gov.it/comunicato/27006
Etruscan Priestess With Pentacle 500 BCE
Etruscan Priestess With Pentacle 500 BCE
(December 4, 2025) Etruscan priestess shown with a Pentacle necklace dating to about 500 BCE. This is the earliest known example of a pentacle. This was part of an exceptional group of Etruscan art illegally excavated and recently seized by the Italian police. These had not yet been laundered into the international markets. These were taken from archaeologically unexcavated sections at the Pulfina hypogeum (underground tomb complex) discovered in Città della Pieve in Umbria, Italy 2015.
Reference
Italian Ministry of Culture (November 19, 2024) Archeologia, TPC: recuperati due sarcofagi e otto urne etruschi provenienti da uno scavo clandestino a Città della Pieve. Online at: https://cultura.gov.it/comunicato/27006Reference
Pentacle on Jug Handle 600 BCE
Pentacle on Jug Handle 600 BCE
(May 21, 2024) The pottery jug handle was found by a collector sometime prior to 1927 when it was purchased by the British Museum. The collector claimed it came from the Ophel in Jerusalem. The Ophel is the side of the hill leading up to the temple mount. Whether it was really found on the Ophel is something we will never know but the letter style is Judahite (southern Israelite) with a Phoenician bias. The British Museum Registration number is 1927,0530.83.
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1927-0530-83
Close-Up of The Pentacle 600 BCE
Close-Up of The Pentacle 600 BCE
(May 21, 2024)
Translation in Druid Akkadian (Levant Text 81)
(read left to right counterclockwise from the top. Capital letters on object. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Vowels are italic bold, Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)Runic Letter style is Judahite from the Levant Letter ChartDictionary used: Latest Runic Akkadian dictionaryTranslation in Druid Akkadian (Levant Text 81)
- [I]Pu A Nu Mu
In English
In English
- Free-up her fate-revelation powers for the fertility-fluids
Significantly, these letter shapes date the text to the Kingdom of Judah which existed between 700 and 587 BCE. These letter styles are definitely not from the later Persian Period. See Levant Letter chart.
The British Museum Registration number is 1927,0530.83.
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1927-0530-83
Pentacle Coin From Pitane, Anatolia Showing Selene 300s BCE
Pentacle Coin From Pitane, Anatolia Showing Selene 300s BCE
(September 27, 2024) Coin auction site claims this is from the 4th century BCE. (7mm, 0.39 grams, 5h). Excavations in the necropolis of Pitane revealed ceramic finds from the Mycenaean, protogeometric, geometric, orientalizing, and the Archaic Greek periods. In the fifth century BCE, Pitane was a member of the Delian League and is recorded as paying a tribute of 1,000 drachmas.
Online auction at: https://cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=218527
Another Pitane Coin 300's BCE
Another Pitane Coin 300's BCE
(September 27, 2024) Online auction at: https://cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=162237
Translation in Druid Akkadian (Med Text 122)
(read left to right counterclockwise. Capital letters on object. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Vowels are italic bold, Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)Runic Letter style is Aegean Island from the Aegean Letter ChartDictionary used: Latest Runic Akkadian dictionaryTranslation in Druid Akkadian (Med Text 122)
- IPu A Nu ATu
In English
In English
- Free-up her fate-revelation powers for monitoring
Comment: Considerations are focused emotions used in emotion magic. Based on the text this short haired woman (no beard) must be Selu/Selene who is the celestial light goddess responsible for defining fate.
A Different Pentacle Coin From Pitane, Anatolia Showing Su 300s BCE
A Different Pentacle Coin From Pitane, Anatolia Showing Su 300s BCE
(September 27, 2024) Bronze Coin (4.21 grams) in which the face now has horns.
Translation in Druid Akkadian (Med Text 123)
(read left to right counterclockwise. Capital letters on object. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Vowels are italic bold, Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)Runic Letter style is Aegean Island from the Aegean Letter ChartDictionary used: Latest Runic Akkadian dictionaryTranslation in Druid Akkadian (Med Text 123)
- IPu A Tu
In English
In English
- Free-up his astrology-magic-powers
Comment: Based on the text, the horned god is the dark new moon god Su who is the god associated with astrology-magic. Astrology-magic is used to shift fate.
Auction online at: https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=526&lot=211
A Slightly Different Die of the Same Coin Shown on the Left
A Slightly Different Die of the Same Coin Shown on the Left
(September 27, 2024) The pentacle today is a five pointed woven star within a circle. The circle represents the bounded infinity of eternity. One can go round and round forever yet it is spatially finite. The five pointed star within the circle represents the five appendages of humans with our two arms, two legs, and one head. Yet it is also a star so it links the spiritual powers of humanity with the spiritual powers of the heavens. Finally the star is woven meaning its spokes cross above and below others in a cloth or network pattern. This represents the connectivity of all things.
A Jewish is shown on the left. It is on a lintel on a synagogue in Galilee dating to 375 CE. Galilee was the center of mystic Judaism at this time because it was on the magic trail trade route between Egypt and Mesopotamia (below). (photo by Olmsted 2019)
Pentacles Became a Part of Jewish Mysticism By 375 CE
Pentacles Became a Part of Jewish Mysticism By 375 CE
(July 3, 2022) An early Jewish Pentacle was found on a synagogue lintel in Capernaum dating to 375 CE (Loffreda 1985). Capernaum was located along the Magic Trail (figure 5). This was a Roman era trade route established by Herod the Great (reigned 37–4 BCE) with his building of the port city of Caesarea Maritima for connecting Egypt with Mesopotamia. This is how Herod acquired most of his wealth for his building projects including the Jerusalem Temple. This trade route opened during the time when Jesus lived in Capernaum so he was exposed to all sorts of ideas.
As indicated in the Capernaum image, the pentacle was associated with the five planets shown as dots between the star points (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn).
Notice that this pentacle is woven showing each arm of the star going under or over the other arm.
References
Loffreda, Stanislao (1985) Recovering Capharnaum . Edizioni Custodia Terra Santa, Gerusalemme (Jerusalem)References
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